The Department of Pathology represents one of the cornerstones of the diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic process in oncohematologic, which core responsibility goes beyond issuing histopathological reports, positioning itself as pivotal in the multidisciplinary management of oncohematologic patients, by integrating cellular and tissue morphology with advanced molecular techniques, and providing critical information for clinical decision-making within the framework of precision medicine.

Pathology in a high-complexity oncological care has undergone significant transformation in recent years, incorporating innovative tools that allow for more precise, reproducible, and dynamic analysis of tumor samples. The digitalization of diagnostic processes—through the implementation of high-capacity slide scanners, digital visualization systems, and integrated workflows—has led not only to improved traceability, safety, efficiency, and diagnostic quality, but also to enhanced interoperability among clinical teams. This fosters collaborative work between pathologists, oncologists, hematologists, and other professionals involved in cancer care.

The Department of Pathology is precisely structured around a highly specialized team, with pathologists dedicated to specific areas of oncology (lung, breast, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, gynecologic, head and neck, skin, central nervous system, among others) as well as hematopathology. This level of subspecialization allows for expert diagnosis aligned with the most rigorous international standards and in constant harmony with advances in tumor biology knowledge. Furthermore, the diagnostic process in this department is conducted under ISO 15189 quality accreditation, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the diagnostic reports issued.

The integration of molecular techniques is essential. The Department of Pathology has a full capacity for the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, enabling the simultaneous analysis of multiple genes relevant to each tumor type, and the identification of alterations with predictive, prognostic, and therapeutic value. This capacity also extends to the study of gene fusions, microsatellite instability, genomic instability, and other key biomarkers in the era of personalized medicine. Liquid biopsy, as a non-invasive complementary technique, has also been incorporated into the department's diagnostic routine. It is useful not only for biomarker detection when tumor tissue is limited but also for identifying acquired resistance mechanisms. Its interpretation requires expert integration with conventional histological and molecular findings, ensuring a comprehensive view of the biological profile of each tumor.

The Department of Pathology thus acts as a central integrator of oncologic diagnosis, linking morphological data with the tumor's molecular biology and facilitating appropriate patient stratification. Within multidisciplinary tumor boards, the pathologist provides a critical perspective that guides the selection of targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and individualized treatment options, serving as an essential contributor to the comprehensive care of cancer patients.